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Now showing items 11-20 of 24
Improving smallholder dry season vegetable production through increased water productivity with low cost drip irrigation technology in Cambodia
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2011-12-31)
In rainfed cropping systems limited water supply is a major constraint for increased crop production during the dry season. The use of affordable drip irrigation systems can increase crop yield, water use efficiency, and labor productivity in dry season vegetable production. Farmer participatory research was conducted in Cambodia during the 2008 dry season to evaluate the performance and benefits of a low-cost drip irrigation system for improving small-scale vegetable production. The effect of integrating improved soil nutrient management through fertilizer deep placement on crop yield and economic returns were determined for selected vegetable crops. Compared with traditional practice of hand-watering, drip irrigation increased yield of chili (Capsicum annuum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and eggplant (Solanum melongena) by almost 50%, but reduced average net income by 25%. Drip irrigation decreased water use by 33%, and increased water use efficiency by 63% and labor productivity by 74%. The use of fertilizer deep placement with drip irrigation resulted in higher yield (18%) compared with commercial NPK fertilizer irrespective of irrigation methods. Significant response was shown in yard-long bean (Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedales) with 35% yield increase and 50% increase in net income. Under drip irrigation the use of fertilizer deep placement reduced water use by 48%, increased water use efficiency by 70% and labor productivity by 78%. This study demonstrated the potential benefit of low-cost drip irrigation and fertilizer deep placement for improving smallholder vegetable production in Cambodia during the dry season through higher yield, increased water use efficiency, and higher economic returns and labor productivity compared with farmers’ traditional practice of hand-watering and fertilizer application....
On-farm evaluation of pepper grafting technology for managing soil-borne diseases of sweet peppers during hot-wet season in highland tropics
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2012-08-31)
A major constraint limiting yield and production of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) during the hot-wet season in the highland tropics is the high incidence of soil-borne diseases including bacterial wilt-BW (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Phytophthora blight-PB (Phytophthora capsici). High temperature and humidity during the wet season favor development of these soil pathogens. A technology on grafting sweet pepper scion onto chili pepper rootstock with resistance to both diseases and flooding was developed at AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center since 2002. Several chili pepper lines were identified with high resistance to BW and PB. From 2007 to 2008, on-farm trials were conducted in Nantou, Central Taiwan to evaluate disease resistance and subsequent yield of sweet pepper cultivars grafted onto resistant chili pepper rootstocks. In both years, the incidence of PB and BW was significantly (P<0.05) lower in grafted than non-grafted plants. Marketable fruit yields averaged over four sweet pepper cultivars (scions) were significantly (P<0.05) greater in plants grafted onto seven chili rootstock lines compared to non-grafted plants. Outstanding and high yielding sweet pepper cultivars were ‘Andalus’ and ‘Hazera’. Six outstanding chili pepper rootstock lines with low incidence of BW and PB were identified in these trials. This study indicates that grafting technology is effective in reducing soil-borne diseases of sweet pepper which leads to increased yield and production during the hot-wet season in tropical highlands....
Recycling potentials of biomass wastes into briquettes: The case of UCLA in Iloilo City, Philippines
(Hilaris, 2018)
The study relates to the recycling potentials of utilizing biomass wastes obtained from the municipal waste streams by converting them into high quality briquettes. Using a developed compact briquetting machine, the waste ...
The role of Moringa oleifera in agro-ecosystems: A review
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2021-03)
Moringa has been grown and cultivated in various agro-ecosystems ranging from small-scale backyard home gardens to large scale commercial production in tropical and sub-tropical agro-climatic ecosystems. It is grown in ...
Biomass yield of Moringa oleifera as influenced by plant density and harvest frequency
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2017-05-09)
This study was conducted to determine the leaf biomass of moringa as influenced by plant density and frequency of pruning. Moringa plants were grown at four plant spacings and densities: a) 1×1 m (10,000 plants ha<sup>-1</sup> ...
Horticultural characterization of AVRDC moringa germplasm in the Philippines and Taiwan
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2015-12-06)
The major objective of this study was to evaluate a subset of the AVRDC Moringa oleifera germplasm collection for important horticultural traits in the Philippines and Taiwan. The 18 AVRDC moringa accessions originated from India, Laos, Philippines, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand and USA. Three-month-old seedlings were transplanted onto single-row raised beds spaced 1.5 m apart. Plants were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Data were collected on plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, canopy width, fresh and dry biomass (stems and leaves), days to flowering, and pod/seed yield. In Taiwan, one month after transplanting four accessions attained a plant height of above 1 m. Number of side branches ranged from 9 to 14 per plant. Differences in plant height and stem diameter were significant at 70 days after transplanting (DAT). Tallest plants (2.9 m) were observed in LSQUOMo-35RSQUO from Tanzania while LSQUOMo-8RSQUO from Thailand produced the largest stem diameter (36 cm). Leaf fresh weight and dry biomass was highest (15.8 and 9.2 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) for LSQUOMo-35RSQUO at 70 DAT. Survival and stand count decreased after two strong typhoons and severe flooding in 2009 and 2010. In the Philippines, accessions LSQUOMo-2RSQUO (USA) and LSQUOMo-40RSQUO (India) produced the tallest plants 28 weeks after second pruning. Mean stem diameter ranged from 3.5 cm (LSQUOMo-34RSQUO) to 8.5 cm (LSQUOMo-4RSQUO). LSQUOMo-38RSQUO (Thailand) produced the highest number of branches. Two accessions from Thailand (LSQUOMo-4RSQUO and LSQUOMo-14RSQUO) resulted in the highest leaf fresh weight, which exceeded 20 t ha<sup>-1</sup> from two prunings, while LSQUOMo-29RSQUO (India) produced the highest dry leaf biomass. Most accessions tolerated waterlogged conditions with 60-100% plant survival stand count. The results indicate that there are moringa accessions with promising horticultural traits for the high rainfall climate of Southeast Asia....
Assessing technology and socioeconomic constraints and prospects of low-cost drip irrigation for vegetable farming in Southeast Asia
(AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, 2013)
Farmers’ enthusiasm in using low-cost drip irrigation as seen at many on-farm research and demonstration sites across Southeast Asia clearly indicates a high potential of the technology to smallholding vegetable growers. ...
Adaptability and horticultural characterization of Moringa accessions under Central Philippines conditions
(AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, 2013)
This study was conducted to determine the adaptability and describe the horticultural characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. accessions under central Philippines conditions. Eighteen Moringa accessions obtained from AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center were evaluated in observational trials at Central Philippine University, Iloilo City, Philippines in 2009. The accessions originated from India (3), Laos (1), Philippines (1), Taiwan (1), Tanzania (1), Thailand (10), and USA (1). Three-month-old seedlings were transplanted in nonreplicated plots at a spacing of 2 m between rows and 1.5 m between plants. Data were recorded on growth and stand survival, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, fresh leaf yield, pod and seed production, and incidence of insect pests and diseases. Percentage seed germination ranged from 40 to 100%, with eight accessions having 100% and eight accessions 80% germination. Two accessions from Thailand had poor germination (40%). All seeds that germinated developed into healthy seedlings with 80 to 100% survival. At 28 weeks after second pruning, accessions Mo-2 (USA) and Mo-40 (India) produced the tallest plants (5.6 and 5.1 m, respectively), whereas Mo-34 (India) produced the shortest plants (2.9 m). Mean stem diameter ranged from 3.5 cm (Mo-34) to 8.5 cm (Mo4-Thailand). Mo-38 (Thailand) produced the highest number of branches (5.3), whereas Mo-33 (Philippines) showed the lowest number of branches (2.0) per plant. Two accessions from Thailand resulted in the highest leaf fresh weight, which exceeded 2 kg/plant from two prunings. Eight accessions produced leaf fresh biomass that exceeded 1 kg/plant. Mo-3 (Taiwan) developed the highest number of pods, whereas Mo-34 produced the highest number of seeds. Red mites (Tetranychus urticae), Coccinellid beetles (Coccinellidae), leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus phyllopus) and whiteflies (Bemisia sp.) were present, but caused only minor damage to plants. Stem rot was the only disease observed in a few plants....
Performance of vegetable soybean cultivars under organic crop management system
(AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, 2013)
The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and yield performance of vegetable soybean (Glycine max) cultivars under organic crop management practices. Four cultivars: Kaohsiung No. 6 (KS 6), Kaohsiung No. 9 (KS 9), Tainan ASVEG No. 2 (TNAV 2), and Japan aromatic flavor variety Cha-mame were grown in spring and fall seasons in organic experimental farm at AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center in 2006-2007. Organic crop management practices consisted of rhizobium seed inoculation, application of balanced solid and liquid organic fertilizer, integrated pest management involving sex pheromone, yellow and blue sticky paper traps, and bio-pesticide sprays (Neem and Bt); and bio-agents (Trichoderma spp., Bacillus subtilis and. Streptomyces spp. for fungal disease management. Yield performance showed that TNAV 2 produced the highest total pod yield, followed by KS 9 and Cha-mame. However, differences were not significant. TNAV 2 matured late whereas Cha-mame matured early. Over three growing seasons, Cha-mame produced the highest graded pod yield, followed by TNAV 2 and KS 9. This study indicates that both vegetable soybean cultivars Cha-mame and TNAV 2 have greater yield potential than other cultivars when produced under organic farming system....
Testing of briquette production for household use by informal waste workers at the Calajunan dumpsite in Iloilo City, Philippines
(2011)
Three recommended mixtures for briquette production were tested by eight identified informal waste workers within a 10-day briquette production test at the Calajunan dumpsite in Iloilo City, Philippines. The test revealed ...