Environmental effects on the resistance of rice seedlings to complete submergence

Abstract

The survival of rice seedlings (<em>Oryza sativa L.</em>) after complete Submergence in water decreased with increased duration of submergence; with increased depth, temperature, and turbidity of water; and with increased rates of N fertilization. Survival increased with high light intensity and plant carbohydrate content. Factors that influence the survival of submerged plants also determine the amounts of N and carbohydrate in the plant.