Backpacker tourism: Motivation to travel and return intention among domestic tourists

Abstract

Backpacking, rooted in independent travel and cultural immersion, supports local communities and promotes sustainable tourism. Understanding backpackers' motivations and return intentions is essential for the Philippines to enhance tourism strategies and drive long-term growth. However, there is a lack of specific data and targeted strategies to attract backpacker tourists in the country. This study addresses these gaps by exploring the motivations and return intentions of domestic backpackers in the Philippines. The research assessed the socio-demographic profiles, levels of motivation, and extent of return intentions of 300 domestic backpacker tourists through a quantitative one-shot survey design. Results revealed that domestic backpacker tourists in the Philippines are highly motivated by the desire to explore new places, meet people, and relax. While this motivation is shared across all backgrounds, women, middle-aged adults, and married individuals appear even more eager to travel, likely due to their focus on personal growth, new experiences, and a break from routine. Many backpackers also plan to revisit the Philippines, driven by positive experiences, affordable costs, friendly locals, and enjoyable attractions. Although factors such as sex, marital status, income, and job position do not significantly influence the decision to return, age plays an important role, with middle-aged adults being the most likely to come back. The study further highlights a strong connection between motivation and return intention. Travelers who feel satisfied and inspired by their trips are more likely to return. By focusing on offering unique, relaxing, and culturally rich experiences, as well as improving infrastructure, the Philippines can attract more backpackers and encourage repeat visits.