Optimization of hydroponics system into an automated IoT-Driven greenhouse facility in Pavia, Iloilo

Abstract

This study focused on optimizing the existing ARUGA Hydroponics System in Pavia, Iloilo, by developing it into an IoT-powered automated greenhouse facility designed to overcome the limitations of traditional manual hydroponic systems. The initial assessment of the manual setup revealed key operational inefficiencies, including inconsistent nutrient dosing, lack of environmental control, labor-intensive processes, and the absence of real-time data monitoring. To address these challenges, a smart automation system was developed using the ESP32 microcontroller as the central unit, integrating various sensors and actuators such as DHT22 sensors for temperature and humidity, pH and TDS sensors, water temperature sensors, peristaltic pumps for nutrient dosing, and climate control components like fans and sprinklers. Accuracy testing showed minimal deviations, with RMSE values of 0.3858°C for temperature, 0.5619% RH for humidity, 0.0637 for pH, and 6.63 ppm for TDS, indicating reliable sensor performance. Functional trials confirmed consistent actuator response in all 10 test iterations. The system also reduced labor demands from 7 days/week to just 2, cutting monthly labor costs from ₱4,200 to ₱1,200, leading to ₱3,000 in monthly savings, making the system a practical and cost-effective solution for small-scale hydroponic farming.