Discrimination and utilization of healthcare services among clients in selected clinics in Iloilo City

Abstract

This study determined the level of discrimination and healthcare services utilization among clients in selected clinics in Iloilo City. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed. A total of 107 clients, aged 18 years or older, regardless of gender and civil status, were selected based on their availability. Convenience sampling was used to simplify data collection while ensuring the study objectives were met. Frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were employed for descriptive statistics. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied for inferential statistics, set at a .05 level of significance. The results revealed that respondents predominantly experienced moderate levels of discrimination, with 4.7% feeling looked down upon, 3.7% noting judgmental attitudes, and 2.8% encountering unprofessional behavior. 2.8% were denied sexually transmitted infection testing, and 1.9% reported privacy violations. There is moderate variability in healthcare services utilization. While 59.8% of respondents adhered to prescribed medications and 47.7% regularly attended follow-up visits, preventive care was less consistently used. Only 19.6% regularly visited healthcare facilities for screenings, and engagement in long-term health management (37.4%) and mental health (31.0%) was generally low. The correlation between perceived discrimination and healthcare services utilization was statistically not significant, leading to the conclusion that discrimination is not a primary barrier to healthcare services utilization. Other underlying factors, such as financial constraints, geographic accessibility, and health beliefs, may play a more significant role in influencing healthcare. These findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach that targets multiple barriers to foster an inclusive and culturally sensitive healthcare environment.