Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy evaluation of a colorimetric detection kit for Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens using green-synthesized gold nanoparticles and IgY conjugates

Abstract

<i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> is a significant pathogen affecting poultry production, causing chronic respiratory disease and substantial economic losses. This study evaluated a colorimetric detection kit for <i>M. gallisepticum</i> using green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from cashew leaves conjugated with immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies. The kit was field-tested on 20 chickens and compared with microbial culture results. The detection kit demonstrated 100% specificity and positive predictive value, indicating its ability to accurately identify true positive cases. However, it showed limited sensitivity (52.38%) and accuracy (54.55%), with a low negative predictive value (9.09%). The kit provided rapid results within 30 minutes compared to 24 hours for microbial testing and was cost-effective at 15.00 PHP per test. While the kit successfully detected subclinical infections, its performance could be improved through further optimization of antibody-antigen binding and larger-scale field testing. Integrating the rapid colorimetric test with confirmatory microbial testing is recommended for enhanced reliability in field settings. Future research should focus on adapting this technology for other poultry pathogens and assessing its economic impact on poultry farming operations.