https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/91 2026-04-28T13:20:09Z 2026-04-28T13:20:09Z Yang, Yun https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3791 2026-04-17T03:00:27Z 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z

The moderating roles of tariffs and exchange rates on ASEAN trade facilitation indices and China's cross-border e-commerce export scale Yang, Yun This study aimed to determine the moderating role of tariffs and exchange rate on ASEAN countries Trade Facilitation Indices and China's Cross-Border E-Commerce Export Scale. Based on the characteristics of the development of CBEC, it constructed a trade facilitation evaluation system containing 4 primary indicators and 14 secondary indicators. The trade facilitation indices of ASEAN countries 2018-2022 countries was evaluated and compared using principal component analysis. An empirical research was conducted base on gravity model regression. The dependent variable of the model is China's CBEC export scale, the independent variable is the trade facilitation indices, and the rest of the explanatory variables include the GDP of the trading partner country, the total population, and the geographical distance between the two countries. This paper took tariff level and exchange rate as moderating variables and tests the moderating effect through regression analysis. The results of the empirical study showed that the trade facilitation index of ASEAN countries has a significant positive influence on China's CBEC exports. The tariff level and exchange rate have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the independent variable is the trade facilitation index and the dependent variable CBEC exports. This implies in order to promote the development of CBEC exports, ASEAN countries may focus on promoting the trade facilitation. At the same time, attention should be paid to the influence of tariffs and exchange rates on CBEC exports to build a China-ASEAN free trade area. Abstract only

2024-12-01T00:00:00Z Tanaleon, Louie Mae G. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3790 2026-04-10T04:00:30Z 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z

Psychosocial determinants of the sense of well-being among nurses in public hospitals in times of crisis: Inputs to a policy enhancement Tanaleon, Louie Mae G. This study, which aimed to determine the psychosocial determinants of the sense of well-being among nurses in district hospitals in Iloilo, utilized causal non-experimental research. A one-shot survey design was used. The duration for the conduct of study was from November 2023 to February 2024. The study’s respondents were 142 nurses from 11 district hospitals in Iloilo Province. Frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were employed for descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s r, and multiple regression were used for inferential statistics, all set at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the respondents have moderate to high emotional intelligence, great extended personal resiliency, and high organizational support. In addition, nurses in district hospitals are predominantly young, female, married individuals with at least 16 years of experience in their profession. Furthermore, the nurses actively participate in spiritual activities several times a day. Interestingly, a fraction of the sample has a moderate sense of well-being, and the majority of nurses in district hospitals have a low level of sense of well-being. However, sex, civil status, length of service, spirituality, and educational attainment were not found to be associated with emotional intelligence, personal resilience, and perceived level of organizational support. Conversely, there were significant differences in the perceived organizational support of nurses based on their age and position. Furthermore, age, sex, civil status, length of service, educational attainment, spirituality, and position of nurses were not associated with the sense of well-being of nurses. In other words, nurses' level of well-being showed no significant association based on personal characteristics. The key finding is that the well-being of nurses in district hospitals is highly correlated with emotional intelligence, personal resiliency, and perceived organizational support. Specifically, Emotional Intelligence has a positive relationship with the sense of well-being; however, Emotional Intelligence alone may not be a strong determinant of nurses' sense of well-being. Perceived Organizational Support is identified as a significant determinant and has a significant relationship with the sense of well-being. This indicates that the nurses who feel and are perceived to have support from the organization will have a better sense of well-being. More importantly, Personal Resilience seems to have a stronger impact on well-being. Nurses with higher levels of Personal Resiliency are more likely to experience a greater sense of well-being. Therefore, Personal resiliency is a critical factor in the nurses' well-being. Abstract only

2024-12-01T00:00:00Z Musico, Stephinejane Elumba https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3789 2026-04-10T02:00:32Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

The benefits and drawbacks of sustainable tourism in Siargao Islands, Philippines: An exploratory inquiry Musico, Stephinejane Elumba Siargao Islands, Philippines is globally renowned for its world-class surfing spots, powdery white beaches, and vibrant local culture, positioning it as one of the world's leading island destinations. However, sustainable tourism remains a critical area of inquiry given the limited research on how local stakeholders manage the balance between tourism and conservation. This study addresses this gap by exploring the diverse local perspectives and providing context-specific insights into how the island can balance tourism growth with sustainability. An exploratory qualitative case study methodology was employed, utilizing thematic analysis of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 19 purposively selected stakeholders including four municipal tourism officers, three accommodation providers, two tour operators, two tour guides, four food and beverage providers, one transportation provider, one local business owner, one startup entrepreneur, and one tourism educator. The findings reveal economic benefits of tourism such as increased economic growth and livelihood opportunities, environmental conservation, and social and cultural enhancement. Drawbacks are also identified including resource strain, erosion of local culture, displacement, rising costs of commodities and tourism-driven price increases. The preservation of natural assets, economic and social development, and competitive advantage driven by tourism are essential for maintaining Siargao as a leading island destination. Nevertheless, fundamental sustainable tourism imperatives such as environmental stewardship, economic equity, and social balance must be prioritized to ensure the attainment of longterm development objectives, including robust infrastructure, economic sustainability, and environmental and social resilience. This study concludes that tourism is essential for building a resilient, balanced, and future-ready island economy. Furthermore, it advocates for the establishment of a unified regulatory framework, community-driven waste management systems, the support of local MSMEs and startups, the preservation of cultural heritage, investment in sustainable infrastructure, the promotion of complementary sectors, enhancement of participatory governance and land-use protections to protect residents from the drawbacks of tourism. Abstract only

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z Maravilla, Vicente S. Jr https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3719 2026-02-13T03:00:39Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Shared governance in community-oriented tourist destinations: An exploratory case study Maravilla, Vicente S. Jr Shared governance is vital for managing community-oriented tourism destinations and promoting stakeholder empowerment through collaboration, participatory decision making, and sustainable development. However, its practical implementation is complex due to varying levels of engagement and governance challenges. This study examines the collaborative dynamics of shared governance in community-oriented tourism, focusing on factors influencing stakeholder engagement, difficulties in implementation, and impacts on sustainability and community empowerment. Conducted in Ormoc City, Philippines, the qualitative research involved in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 13 stakeholders, including local government, tourism associations, businesses, and community groups. The thematic analysis highlighted that effective shared governance relies on multi-stakeholder engagement, strong public-private partnerships, trust, accountability, and clear roles. Challenges include conflicting priorities, resource constraints, power imbalances, and bureaucratic barriers. Despite these obstacles, shared governance fosters tourism sustainability by enhancing organization, inclusive decision-making, creating livelihood opportunities, and promoting community-led conservation. Policymakers should strengthen stakeholder coordination, develop equitable resource distribution, and address systemic challenges to improve effectiveness. These insights are valuable for local governments and tourism leaders aiming for sustainable tourism and community empowerment. Abstract only

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z