The School of Graduate Studies aims to promote pedagogical thinking, policy-making, and practical applications towards broader contemporary frameworks, and enhance capacity-building in educational research, teaching, and scholarship. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/6 2026-05-06T09:15:27Z 2026-05-06T09:15:27Z Chen, Mingkai Libo-on, Rowena M. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3793 2026-04-21T07:49:34Z 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z

Exploring international student experiences in Chinese universities: Evaluating the influence of student experience on university brand equity Chen, Mingkai; Libo-on, Rowena M. This study aims to identify the factors influencing international students' perceptions of a university's image and brand equity. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods research approach was employed, involving interviews and a primary survey. Six interviewees participated, revealing four major factors: cultural attractiveness, cost attractiveness, discrimination policy, and health and safety. Based on these factors, along with image and university brand equity, 167 responses were collected through the survey. A structural equation model was developed using SmartPLS on this data. The model tested nine hypotheses, of which five were accepted while four were not supported. It was found that cost attractiveness and anti-discrimination policies significantly impact Chinese universities' brand image and equity among international students, while cultural appeal and health and safety do not. Cost attractiveness and anti-discrimination policies should be optimized as primary strategies for developing the university's brand image. This study provides empirical evidence for universities to refine their strategies and increase their attractiveness to international students. Moreover, the findings extend the university brand equity theory by highlighting cost attractiveness and anti-discrimination policies as key drivers of international students' perceptions and university selection. Journal article

2025-08-01T00:00:00Z Tumapang-Gallo, Kristylle Felice G. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3792 2026-04-17T04:01:00Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Work motivation and job performance among employees of a government customs collection district Tumapang-Gallo, Kristylle Felice G. Work motivation was often linked with job performance; therefore, it is vital to study the influence of work motivation on job performance. The study aimed to determine the level of work motivation and job performance among employees of a government customs collection district. The respondents in this study were 56 employees of a government customs collection district. The data needed were gathered using the researcher-made questionnaire. The frequency count, percentage, mean, and Pearson’s r was used for statistical treatment, analysis and interpretation of data. The level of significance for all inferential statistics was fixed at .05. The researcher gathered the data through a researcher-made questionnaire for the year 2023 for a period of two weeks or 14 days from the date of the issuance of Ethical Clearance from the Research Ethics Review Board. The findings and results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents are female, married, over 40 years old, college graduate, with ten years and below years of service and are in the rank and file. The employees had very high levels of work motivation in terms of motivational factors such as achievement, responsibility, and growth opportunities but they only had high levels of work motivation in terms of recognition, the work itself, and advancement. Responsibility got the highest mean score. The employees had high levels of work motivation in terms of hygiene factors such as company policies and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, and salary. Interpersonal relationships got the highest mean score. The employees had outstanding levels of job performance in terms of work knowledge, technical skills and teamwork but only very good level of job performance in terms of goal setting. Teamwork got the highest mean score. The results of the study indicate that work motivation consists of the motivational and hygiene factors simultaneously shows the results of a positive and significant effect on job performance. This means that overall work motivation has a positive influence on job performance and most factors contribute positively such as achievement, supervision and goal-setting among others. The strong positive correlation between Achievement and The Work Itself in this study supports the study of Ibrahim (2019) that there is a positive effect of regression coefficient of work itself on work achievement. The correlation linkage of this study between Supervision; and Interpersonal Relationship, Working Conditions, Salary, and Goal-Setting supports Lee & Kusumah (2020) who discussed that the efficiency of superiors in influencing the work performance and completion habits is shown by the quality of supervision. Employee productivity is significantly enhanced by employee motivation. Some research supported this conclusion by demonstrating that employee motivation was a strong predictor of productivity. One of the main factors influencing employees' productivity was motivation (Hanaysha and Majid, 2018). Work motivation in terms of motivational and hygiene factors could also improve and strengthen the job performance of the employees; thus, increasing productivity, and reducing of turn-over rate. This offers valuable insights in understanding the dynamics of work motivation and job performance in a government customs collection district. Abstract only

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z Yang, Yun https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3791 2026-04-17T03:00:27Z 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z

The moderating roles of tariffs and exchange rates on ASEAN trade facilitation indices and China's cross-border e-commerce export scale Yang, Yun This study aimed to determine the moderating role of tariffs and exchange rate on ASEAN countries Trade Facilitation Indices and China's Cross-Border E-Commerce Export Scale. Based on the characteristics of the development of CBEC, it constructed a trade facilitation evaluation system containing 4 primary indicators and 14 secondary indicators. The trade facilitation indices of ASEAN countries 2018-2022 countries was evaluated and compared using principal component analysis. An empirical research was conducted base on gravity model regression. The dependent variable of the model is China's CBEC export scale, the independent variable is the trade facilitation indices, and the rest of the explanatory variables include the GDP of the trading partner country, the total population, and the geographical distance between the two countries. This paper took tariff level and exchange rate as moderating variables and tests the moderating effect through regression analysis. The results of the empirical study showed that the trade facilitation index of ASEAN countries has a significant positive influence on China's CBEC exports. The tariff level and exchange rate have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the independent variable is the trade facilitation index and the dependent variable CBEC exports. This implies in order to promote the development of CBEC exports, ASEAN countries may focus on promoting the trade facilitation. At the same time, attention should be paid to the influence of tariffs and exchange rates on CBEC exports to build a China-ASEAN free trade area. Abstract only

2024-12-01T00:00:00Z Tanaleon, Louie Mae G. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/3790 2026-04-10T04:00:30Z 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z

Psychosocial determinants of the sense of well-being among nurses in public hospitals in times of crisis: Inputs to a policy enhancement Tanaleon, Louie Mae G. This study, which aimed to determine the psychosocial determinants of the sense of well-being among nurses in district hospitals in Iloilo, utilized causal non-experimental research. A one-shot survey design was used. The duration for the conduct of study was from November 2023 to February 2024. The study’s respondents were 142 nurses from 11 district hospitals in Iloilo Province. Frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were employed for descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s r, and multiple regression were used for inferential statistics, all set at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the respondents have moderate to high emotional intelligence, great extended personal resiliency, and high organizational support. In addition, nurses in district hospitals are predominantly young, female, married individuals with at least 16 years of experience in their profession. Furthermore, the nurses actively participate in spiritual activities several times a day. Interestingly, a fraction of the sample has a moderate sense of well-being, and the majority of nurses in district hospitals have a low level of sense of well-being. However, sex, civil status, length of service, spirituality, and educational attainment were not found to be associated with emotional intelligence, personal resilience, and perceived level of organizational support. Conversely, there were significant differences in the perceived organizational support of nurses based on their age and position. Furthermore, age, sex, civil status, length of service, educational attainment, spirituality, and position of nurses were not associated with the sense of well-being of nurses. In other words, nurses' level of well-being showed no significant association based on personal characteristics. The key finding is that the well-being of nurses in district hospitals is highly correlated with emotional intelligence, personal resiliency, and perceived organizational support. Specifically, Emotional Intelligence has a positive relationship with the sense of well-being; however, Emotional Intelligence alone may not be a strong determinant of nurses' sense of well-being. Perceived Organizational Support is identified as a significant determinant and has a significant relationship with the sense of well-being. This indicates that the nurses who feel and are perceived to have support from the organization will have a better sense of well-being. More importantly, Personal Resilience seems to have a stronger impact on well-being. Nurses with higher levels of Personal Resiliency are more likely to experience a greater sense of well-being. Therefore, Personal resiliency is a critical factor in the nurses' well-being. Abstract only

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