Conference papershttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/18562024-03-29T10:28:40Z2024-03-29T10:28:40ZResults of a value adding test to produce alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) for industrial purposes and for household energy supply with appropriate technologyPaul, Johannes G.Lange, SebastianRomallosa, Aries Roda D.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/21652022-07-14T03:12:11Z2009-10-01T00:00:00ZResults of a value adding test to produce alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) for industrial purposes and for household energy supply with appropriate technology
Paul, Johannes G.; Lange, Sebastian; Romallosa, Aries Roda D.
The application of “Waste-to-Energy” is hardly practiced in developing countries. However, a utilization as “Alternative Fuels and Raw materials” (AFR), for instance in cement kilns or for household energy supply (e.g. for substituting charcoal) can be a viable option. Materials that can be utilized as AFR include biodegradable waste from agriculture and forestry, but also light density packaging and various plastic materials from Municipal Solid Waste, whereas the latter are hardly utilized in most developing countries so far. The recovery and utilization of AFR can open up new sources of income and can also help to reduce pressures on the local resource base.
Starting on September 3, 2008, a 100-days test to recover AFR was conducted at the central Material Recovery Facility (MRF) at Calahunan in Iloilo City. The test was conducted over a period of 100 days allowing to establish “routine like working conditions” and to derive impacts and lessons learned.
Within this test various options have been discussed to add more value to the recovered AFR, which could provide access to additional markets. Several value-adding processes were considered, for instance shredding and bailing of AFR, as well as pelletizing and briquetting.
Poster presentation
2009-10-01T00:00:00ZOn-farm evaluation of pepper grafting technology for managing soil-borne diseases of sweet peppers during hot-wet season in highland tropicsWu, Deng-LinPalada, Manuel C.Luther, Gregory C.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/21492022-07-08T02:14:06Z2012-08-31T00:00:00ZOn-farm evaluation of pepper grafting technology for managing soil-borne diseases of sweet peppers during hot-wet season in highland tropics
Wu, Deng-Lin; Palada, Manuel C.; Luther, Gregory C.
A major constraint limiting yield and production of sweet pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum</em>) during the hot-wet season in the highland tropics is the high incidence of soil-borne diseases including bacterial wilt-BW (<em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>) and Phytophthora blight-PB (<em>Phytophthora capsici</em>). High temperature and humidity during the wet season favor development of these soil pathogens. A technology on grafting sweet pepper scion onto chili pepper rootstock with resistance to both diseases and flooding was developed at AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center since 2002. Several chili pepper lines were identified with high resistance to BW and PB. From 2007 to 2008, on-farm trials were conducted in Nantou, Central Taiwan to evaluate disease resistance and subsequent yield of sweet pepper cultivars grafted onto resistant chili pepper rootstocks. In both years, the incidence of PB and BW was significantly (P<0.05) lower in grafted than non-grafted plants. Marketable fruit yields averaged over four sweet pepper cultivars (scions) were significantly (P<0.05) greater in plants grafted onto seven chili rootstock lines compared to non-grafted plants. Outstanding and high yielding sweet pepper cultivars were ‘Andalus’ and ‘Hazera’. Six outstanding chili pepper rootstock lines with low incidence of BW and PB were identified in these trials. This study indicates that grafting technology is effective in reducing soil-borne diseases of sweet pepper which leads to increased yield and production during the hot-wet season in tropical highlands.
Conference paper
2012-08-31T00:00:00ZImproving smallholder dry season vegetable production through increased water productivity with low cost drip irrigation technology in CambodiaPalada, Manuel C.Bhattarai, Surya P.Roberts, Michael S.Bhattarai, MadhuBaxter, N.Kimsan, R.Wu, Deng-Linhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/21482022-07-08T02:04:45Z2011-12-31T00:00:00ZImproving smallholder dry season vegetable production through increased water productivity with low cost drip irrigation technology in Cambodia
Palada, Manuel C.; Bhattarai, Surya P.; Roberts, Michael S.; Bhattarai, Madhu; Baxter, N.; Kimsan, R.; Wu, Deng-Lin
In rainfed cropping systems limited water supply is a major constraint for increased crop production during the dry season. The use of affordable drip irrigation systems can increase crop yield, water use efficiency, and labor productivity in dry season vegetable production. Farmer participatory research was conducted in Cambodia during the 2008 dry season to evaluate the performance and benefits of a low-cost drip irrigation system for improving small-scale vegetable production. The effect of integrating improved soil nutrient management through fertilizer deep placement on crop yield and economic returns were determined for selected vegetable crops. Compared with traditional practice of hand-watering, drip irrigation increased yield of chili (<em>Capsicum annuum</em>), cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em>), and eggplant (<em>Solanum melongena</em>) by almost 50%, but reduced average net income by 25%. Drip irrigation decreased water use by 33%, and increased water use efficiency by 63% and labor productivity by 74%. The use of fertilizer deep placement with drip irrigation resulted in higher yield (18%) compared with commercial NPK fertilizer irrespective of irrigation methods. Significant response was shown in yard-long bean (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> var. <em>sesquipedales</em>) with 35% yield increase and 50% increase in net income. Under drip irrigation the use of fertilizer deep placement reduced water use by 48%, increased water use efficiency by 70% and labor productivity by 78%. This study demonstrated the potential benefit of low-cost drip irrigation and fertilizer deep placement for improving smallholder vegetable production in Cambodia during the dry season through higher yield, increased water use efficiency, and higher economic returns and labor productivity compared with farmers’ traditional practice of hand-watering and fertilizer application.
Conference paper
2011-12-31T00:00:00ZFarmers’ experiences with low-pressure drip irrigation for vegetable production in Southeast Asia and the PacificPalada, Manuel C.Mercado, Agustin C. Jr.Roberts, Michael S.Ella, VictorReyes, Manuel R.Susila, Anas D.Ha, Dang ThanhWu, Deng-LinBhattarai, Madhuhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/21472022-07-08T02:06:28Z2011-12-31T00:00:00ZFarmers’ experiences with low-pressure drip irrigation for vegetable production in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Palada, Manuel C.; Mercado, Agustin C. Jr.; Roberts, Michael S.; Ella, Victor; Reyes, Manuel R.; Susila, Anas D.; Ha, Dang Thanh; Wu, Deng-Lin; Bhattarai, Madhu
Low-pressure drip irrigation has been introduced to small-scale vegetable farmers in several countries in Asia and Africa for almost two decades, but adoption and impact of the technology have been limited due to several factors. This paper evaluates the performance of low-pressure and affordable drip irrigation kits developed and promoted by International Development Enterprises for vegetable production based on farmers’ experiences in Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Solomon Islands. On-farm, farmer-participatory demonstration trials were conducted using low-pressure drum and bucket kits with 1 m pressure head. In Cambodia, drip irrigation resulted in significant increase in water use efficiency (43%), yield (15%) and labor productivity (38%) in cucumber, eggplant, and yard-long bean. In the Philippines, drip irrigation increased average yields of vegetables by 35% despite unusually high rainfall in the dry season. Similar results were obtained from Indonesia, where there was no significant yield response of five vegetable crops to drip irrigation during the wet season but in the dry season drip irrigation improved yield and quality of chili pepper and reduced disease incidence. In Vietnam, drip irrigation increased average yield of vegetables by 8-11% and reduced labor input by 33%. In the Solomon Islands, unusual rainfall patterns even during the dry season negated the benefits of drip irrigation on vegetable production, but farmers claimed that drip irrigation reduced labor spent in watering the plots. A trial on tomato demonstrated the advantage of drip irrigation as shown in improved yield of 19%. Based on farmers’ experiences, the adoption and impact of affordable drip irrigation technology in Asia and Pacific is mainly determined by climate, particularly the rainfall pattern and growing season in addition to other related technical and socioeconomic factors.
Conference paper
2011-12-31T00:00:00Z