KNOWLEDGE, UTILIZATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF RAINWATER 
HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF THE 
MUNICIPALITY OF BINGAWAN, ILOILO
A SPECIAL PAPER 
Presented to
the Faculty of the College of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences
Central Philippine University 
Jaro, Iloilo City
In Partial Fulfillment 
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
By
REX P. GADONG 
October 2011
ABSTRACT
KNOWLEDGE, UTILIZATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF RAINWATER 
HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF THE 
MUNICIPALITY OF BINGAWAN, ILOILO
by
Rex P. Gadong
Reynaldo N. Dusaran, Adviser
The main purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, utilization and 
acceptability of rainwater harvesting technology among the residents of the Municipality 
of Bingawan. This descriptive research made use of the one shot survey design. Complete 
enumeration or census survey of all the 110 households was done using a researcher 
developed interview schedule as the data gathering instrument for the study. The 
researcher personally gathered all the data for this study by conducting a face to face 
interview with all of the study respondents, one after the other. After all the needed data 
were collected and cleaned, these were coded and encoded for electronic data processing 
using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11 software. All the 
data were analyzed descriptively using frequency and percentage distribution. Means were 
computed whenever necessary .
Results showed the respondents to be middle aged males, predominantly Roman 
Catholics, farmers, and with a monthly income of less than Php 5,000.00. They had high 
level of knowledge about rain water harvesting technology. The most common rain water 
harvesting technology used by the respondents were rubber jars, retention/detention pond, 
and the ferrocement tanks and drums. Their retention and detention ponds had mean depth
X
of 3 .10 meters; 15.72 meters long, and; 11.00 meters wide. Their ferrocement tanks had a 
capacity of 601 liters and above while their other tanks had a capacity of below 200 liters. 
The respondents mostly cleaned the storage to minimize breeding of mosquitoes and 
minimized and wisely used the water. The respondents generally used the rain water for 
domestic purposes and for other purposes like fish culture, farming, and animal raising. 
Based on their experiences, the respondents generally reported the technology to be highly 
acceptable. They claimed that rainwater harvesting technology was part of their cultural 
practices rather than it was introduced to them. The major problems encountered by the 
respondents in using rain water harvesting technology included limited supply and 
uncertainty of rainfall, limited time for cleaning and inspection of the facility, and 
contamination by people and animals. Given these problems, the respondents had put up 
bigger tanks and more ponds, opted to always clean their facility and installed protective 
measures within the perimeter of the ponds or tanks to avoid contaminants. To improve 
the rainwater harvesting technology, the respondents suggested and recommended the 
construction of more ferrocement tanks to increase water storage, continuous maintenance 
of cleanliness of the facilities, construction of deep wells, and planting more trees beside 
the ponds.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
Brown, R. (2007). Rainwater and Grey Water: Technical and economic feasibility. Draft 
Report. BSRIA Ltd for the Market Transformation Programme.
DCLG (2006). Code for Sustainable Homes: a step-change in sustainable home building 
practice. http ://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/code_for_sust_homes.pdf
Frasier, Gary, and Lloyd Myers. (1983). Handbook o f Water Harvesting. Washington 
D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
Geerts, S., and Raes, D. (2009). Deficit irrigation as an on-farm strategy to maximize crop 
water productivity in dry areas. Agric. Water Management. 96, 1275-1284
Gould, J.E. (1992). Rainwater Catchment Systems for Household Water Supply,
Environmental Sanitation Reviews, No. 32, ENSIC, Asian Institute of Technology, 
Bangkok.
Gould, J.E. and H.J. McPherson. (1987). Bacteriological Quality of Rainwater in Roof and 
Groundwater Catchment Systems in Botswana, Water International, 12:135-138.
Gould, John, and Erik Nissen-Peterson. (1999). Rainwater Catchment Systems. UK: 
Intermediate Technology Publications.
Hemenway, Toby. (2000). Gaia's Garden: A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture. 
Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
Lowes, P. ( 1987). "The Water Decade: Half Time". In in John Pickford (ed.). Developing 
World Water. London: Grosvenor Press International. pp. 16-17. ISBN 0-946027-29- 
3.
Ludwig, Art. (1994). Create an Oasis With Greywater: Choosing, Building, and Using 
Greywater Systems. California: Oasis Design.
Nissen-Petersen, E. (1982). Rain Catchment and Water Supply in Rural Africa: A Manual. 
Hodder and Stoughton, Ltd., London.
Pacey, A. and A. Cullis. (1989). Rainwater Harvesting: The Collection of Rainfall and 
Runoff in Rural Areas, WBC Print Ltd., London.
46
Pacey, Arnold, and Adrian Cullis. (1986). Rainwater Harvesting. UK: Intermediate 
Technology Publications.
Pachpute J.S.. (2010). A package of water management practices for sustainable growth 
and improved production of vegetable crop in labour and water scarce Sub-Saharan 
Africa. Agricultural Water Management. 97(9) September 2010.
Schiller, E.J. and B. G. Latham. (1987). A Comparison of Commonly Used Hydrologic 
Design Methods for Rainwater Collectors, Water Resources Development, 3.
UNEP [United Nations Environment Programme]. (1982). Rain and Storm water 
Harvesting in Rural Areas, Tycooly International Publishing Ltd., Dublin.
Wall, B.H. and R.L. McCown. (1989). Designing Roof Catchment Water Supply Systems 
Using Water Budgeting Methods, Water Resources Development, 5:11-18.
B. INTERNET
http ://www.definition-of.net/utilization
http://www.cenyc.org/openspace/rainwater/RWKHowTo.pdf
http://www.emwis.org/topics/climatechange/rainwater-harvesting-climate-change).
(UNEP Global Environment Outlook 2000 Earthscan Publications Ltd., 1999)
http://www.rainwatertechnology.org/rwh/why_rainwater_harvesting
http://www.unep.or.Jp/Ietc/Publications/Urban/UrbanEnv-2/3.asp
http://www.conservationtechnology.com/rainwater.html
http://www.livestrong.com/article/l 19446-need-conserve-water/#ixzzlU89AWYSP
http://rainwaterservices.com/harvesting/advantages-and-benefits
http://en.wikipedia.0 rg/wiki/Rainwater_tank#C0ntaminati0n_and_maintenance
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Rainwater+harvesti
ng+technology&go=Go
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Pubhcations/techpublications/TechPub-8e/rainwater2 .asp
http://www.gdrc.org/uem/water/rainwater/rainwaterguide.pdf
47
http://phil watershed.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=72&Itemid=70 
http://philwatershed.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=l&id=72 
Newsbreak Vol. 5, No. 21, 24 October 2005